工业发达国家科技政策实施效果的经验分析

本文运用工业发达国家的科技投入经费、研发人员数、制造业出口结构、技术进出口平衡等指标对过去10年科技政策实施效果进行了深入的分析,提出了三个重要见解:一是主要工业发达国家的研究与开发密集度普遍上升,成为科技创新成果涌现的物质基础;二是新一代技术产业的创新来自于学术研究,从而使一国的基础科学研究能力决定了其科技创新实力,并且使科学与技术的高度融合变成新兴科技产业创新的特征;三是美国大量投资基础科学的政策造就了新一代技术产业的绝对优势,弱化了德国、日本等国家只在现有技术产业开展创新的科技赶超政策效果。

Effects of Science and Technology Policy in the Industrialized Countries: Empirical Studies

This paper makes three contributions to the empirical studies on the application of science and technology policies in the developed countries through analyzing funding, the number of R&D density generally, which has laid the solid foundation for the rising of technology innovations. Second, the paper discovers the innovation source of new technological industry is originated from the academic research, namely, the research capability of fundamental science determines the country's innovation. Thus, the integration of science and technology becomes the innovation feature in new technological industries. Third, this paper provides the evidence that the USA has made an absolute advantage in the new generation of technology industry, which weakened the catch-up effects carried out by many countries such as Germany, Japan, which mainly emphasize the innovation activity in the current technological industries.