居委会直选与城市基层治理——对2006年上海市居委会直接选举的分析

本文从治理理论出发,分析社会变迁形势下城市基层治理与城市社区构建的内在关系,以及不同基层治理模式所对应的实现途径和社会基础。文章认为中国城市基层治理的基本任务之一在于解决基层治理的政治有效性,构建具备自治理能力的现代城市社区。当前的居委会直接选举是一个有益的尝试,通过由政府主导的选举对社区自治组织进行赋权,实现社区权力的让渡和建构,可以较快和较有效地构建以居委会为核心的集中型的基层民主治理网络,减少在国家治理与私人治理之间的隙缝。基于对2006年上海市居委会换届选举的观察和访谈,本文初步总结了在直接选举条件下基层治理格局的有利变化及所需要解决的问题,并就政府对于居委会直选的引导和管理提出了政策建议。

The Direct Election of the Urban Residents Committee and the Urban Grassroots Governance

This paper employs the perspective of governance to analyze the internal relations between urban grassroots governance and community building in the rapid social transition, and the means and social bases of different governance modalities. It holds that a basic task of urban grassroots governance is to solve the political effectiveness of grassroots governance and build modern urban communities capable of self-government. The current direct election of Urban Residents Committee (URC) is a helpful experiment that, under the direction of governments, empowers community autonomous organizations and enables the transfer and reconstruction of community power. A centralized grassroots governance network around URC may be established relatively promptly and effectively and work to reduce the gap between state governance and private governance. Based on observations and interviews on the 2006 election of URC in Shanghai, this paper tentatively generalizes the favorable changes and new challenges in grassroots governance created by the direct election, and proposes policy suggestions as for how governments should steer and manage the direct election of URC.