一个被遮蔽了的"康德问题"——康德对"两种实践"的区分及其当代意义

在康德哲学中,存在着一个隐性的“康德问题”,那就是他对“两种实践”的区分。康德从现象和物自体的两分出发,把人的实践分为“技术地实践的”活动和“道德地实践的”活动。前者属于现象界,涉及到人的行动与自然规律的关系;后者属于物自体界,涉及到人的行动自由与规范的关系。在后康德哲学的发展中,随着物自体的被消解、科学技术和实证主义的发展,“技术地实践的”活动成了统一的实践概念的代名词,“道德地实践的”活动的维度被掩蔽起来了。在当代哲学中,“道德地实践的”活动开始受到高度的重视。于是,“康德问题”重新成为焦点,并显示出它的重要的理论意义。

A Latent "Kant's Question"--Kant's Differentiation of "Two Concepts of Praxis" and Its Contemporary Significance

A latent "Kant's Question" in Kant's philosophy is his differentiation of "two kinds of praxis". Starting from the difference between Phenomenon and Thing itself,Kant divides human praxis into "technological-practical" action and "moral-practical" action. The former belongs to the kingdom of Phenomenon concerning the relation between human action and natural law,and the latter belongs to the kingdom of Thing in itself concerning the connection between freedom of human action and norms. However,with the abolishment of Things in themselves and the development of science-technology and positivism in the process of post-Kant philosophy,the "technological-practical" action has already become another name of united concept of praxis,so that the dimension of "moral-practical action has been covered up completely. The "moral-practical action begins to claim great attention in contemporary philosophy. Hence,"Kant's Question" has again become a focus and shown its theoretical significance.