论涂尔干宗教社会学中的先验论倾向

涂尔干的社会学具有浓厚的康德先验哲学的背景 ,这在整个西方社会学传统中是绝无仅有的。涂尔干有意识地在其社会学研究中贯彻了先验论的立场 ,在他看来康德问题的实质可以化为这样一个社会学主题 ,即社会与个人之关系 :一方面 ,社会本身如何是独立于个人、并与个人相对立的普遍性的实在 ;另一方面 ,社会又如何成为个人价值的源泉 ,如何能提供一种个人必须受到约束的道德法则。本文力图分析涂尔干对这一问题的思索是如何与对澳洲土著部落的宗教生活的实证考察结合起来。由此可见 ,涂尔干的先验论立场及其在这一立场引导下的思索与他对西方人精神世界的关切是分不开的

On the Transcendental Tendency in Emile Durkheim's Sociology

Emile Durkheim's sociology is unique in the tradition of the whole western sociology as it is deeply rooted in Kant's philosophy of transcendentalism.This is quite unique in the tradition of the western sociology.Durkheim consciously took a transcendentalist stand in his sociological studies.Kant's transcendentalist philosophy boils down to such an issue in sociology,i.e. the relation between society and the individual person.Or,on the one hand,how society can be a universal entity which is independent of and opposite to any individual,while ,on the other hand,how society becomes the source of personal value which provides an individual with restricted moral principles.This paper attempts to make an analysis of how Durkheim's reflections on this issue relate to his positivist researches on the religious life of the aborigines in Australis.It can be concluded that Durkheim's transcendentalist stand is inseparable from his concen about the spiritual world of the westerners.