传说、历史与认同:檀君朝鲜与箕子朝鲜历史之塑造与演变

朝鲜半岛对于其古代根基历史的认识经过了一个漫长过程.自朝鲜王朝以来,发生了根本的变化,由极力推崇箕子崇拜,到独尊檀君朝鲜,当下意识与认同是决定这种变化的关键.朝鲜王朝作为明朝的藩国,处于中华世界体系之中,箕子作为来自中原王朝的教化之君,将朝鲜提升到"小中华"的地位,是朝鲜实现"由夷入华"的关键人物,因而受到极度尊崇,与之同时,檀君则处于被贬斥的地位.近代以来,随着西方与日本殖民势力的侵入,中华世界解体,大韩民族国家的形成,箕子被抛弃,檀君作为民族祖先的地位得以确立并被强化,成为韩国加强民族凝聚力的灵魂.因而,现实需求与民族认同是解开韩国根基历史塑造的一个重要视角.

Legend, Identity and History: The Historiographic Creation and Evolution of Tankun Choson and Kijia Choson

There is an essential change for Korean in the construction of their ancient fundamental history from the adoration of King Kijia to the reverence of King Tankun.This gradual change seeping into a long period was determined by Korean's consciousness and identity-recognition.King Kijia had been regarded as the leading role for Korean to enter into the Chinese world as a barbarian neighbor in the Choson Dynasty,one of the tributaries of the Ming Dynasty.So King Kijia had been respected to the utmost and King Tankun had been belittled.However,King Tankun replaced King Kijia as the most important ancestor for Korean and the spirit of Korean nationality after the Chinese world order had been disintegrated under the invasions of the Westerners and the Japanese in the early modern period.Therefore,it is very important to study the fundamental Korean history from the perspective of Korean's practical need and their national identity.