论质化研究在期刊评价中的应用

学术期刊是知识生产的一个特殊部门，它不仅是学者发表成果和学术交流的载体，更承担着学术评价的功能与责任。期刊评价是学术评价的重要组成部分，是推进学术评价伦理化、合理化的路径之一。学术期刊的社会和公共属性决定了期刊评价具有深刻的政治性、行政性、社会性和情感性。期刊评价中的定性和定量评价法是质化和量化研究在评价中的应用，主要体现为文献计量法的影响因子类评价和同行评议的定性评价。文献计量法重视对期刊影响因子类数据的采集和等级排序，而同行评议法则侧重发挥学术共同体的评价主体作用。但是，科学计量法下的同行评议主要采用专家问卷打分法，这是一种定量化和技术化的路线，而非定性评价。期刊定性评价法需理解期刊的学术性和社会性，研究期刊评价中的学科文化和评价文化对评价活动的影响。评价要在知识社会学视野下理解同行评议过程，对期刊评价的学术社会场域进行质化研究。通过同行评议的质化研究，评价者可以拓展同行评议法的深度和广度，建构学术期刊的定性评价体系。

On the application of qualitative research in journal evaluation

Academic journal is a special department of knowledge production. It is not only the carrier for scholars to publish achievements and academic exchanges, but also bears the function and responsibility of academic evaluation. Journal evaluation is an important part of academic evaluation and is one of the ways to promote the ethical and rational academic evaluation. The social and public attributes of academic journals determine that journal evaluation has profound political, administrative, social and emotional characteristics. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation method in journal evaluation is the application of qualitative and quantitative research in evaluation, which is mainly reflected in the impact factor evaluation of bibliometrics and the qualitative evaluation of peer review. Bibliometrics focuses on the collection and ranking of impact factor data, while peer review focuses on the role of academic community as the evaluation subject. However, peer review under the bibliometrics method mainly uses the expert questionnaire to score, which is a quantitative and technical route, rather than a qualitative evaluation. Qualitative evaluation method in journal evaluation needs to understand the academic and social nature of academic journals, and study the influence of subject culture and evaluation culture on evaluation activities. We should understand peer review process from the perspective of knowledge sociology, and conduct qualitative research on the academic social field of journal evaluation. Evaluators can expand the depth and breadth of peer review, and construct the qualitative evaluation system of academic journals through the qualitative research of peer review.