个人数据权的宪法性分析

个人数据权是人格权,而不是财产权,并且,个人数据权主要是在公法领域发生作用,因此,个人数据权主要是一项宪法权利.在公法领域,数据主体的自决权受到很大限制,公权力机关基于公共利益的目的或管理职能的必要,可以不经数据主体同意而搜集和使用个人数据.为避免公权力对公民个人数据权的侵犯,公权机关在搜集公民个人数据时,必须遵守职能必须原则和当事人知悉原则;而在使用个人数据时,则必须遵守目的特定原则.个人数据权作为宪法权利,一方面具有防范公权力侵犯公民个人数据权的功能;另一方面,在公民个人数据权受到其他民事主体侵犯时,有要求公权力承担保护的权利.如是,个人数据权作为一项宪法性权利,其内容才是完整的,并且是自足的.

Constitutional analysis about the personal data right

The personal data right is a personal right, not a property right, and the personal data right is mainly in the field of public law. Therefore, personal data right is mainly a constitutional right. In the area of public law, the data subject''s right to self-determination is greatly restricted. The public authority may collect and use personal data without the consent of the data subject based on public interest or the necessity of management functions. In order to avoid infringement of the rights of citizens on personal data by public authorities, public authorities must obey the principle of functional necessity and the principle of parties'' knowledge when collecting personal data of citizens. When using personal data, they must abide by the specific purpose principle. As a constitutional right, personal data right has the function of preventing public power from violating the personal data rights of citizens. On the other hand, when the right of personal data of citizens is infringed by other civil subjects, he(she) has the right to request the public power to bear the protection. If so, as a constitutional right, the right to personal data is complete and self-contained.