双循环发展的改革开放空间试验场——我国开发区的缘起、演进和趋势

开发区是我国改革开放进程中重要的"制度安排",在制度转型、市场机制培育、产业结构升级和带动地区经济增长等方面发挥着引领示范作用,但同时也存在政策效应边际递减、土地资源浪费、创新不足等诸多问题.梳理我国开发区过去三十多年的发展经验和不足,并展望其未来定位是一项重要的研究课题.在详细讨论我国开发区的缘起、动力机制、发展阶段、功能演变、面临问题的基础上,文章从制度安排、比较优势、产业集聚和商业环境四个方面总结了我国开发区取得的成功经验.未来,开发区的发展应实现从生产到生活、从效率到公平、从地的繁荣到人的繁荣、从外围到中心、从专业化到多样化、从高速增长到高质量发展、从对外开放到国内国际双循环等方面的转变.

A spatial test site for Reform and Open in a Dual Cycle Pattern: The origin, evolution and trends of China's development zones

Development zones are an important "institutional arrangement" in China''s reform and open process, playing a leading and exemplary role in institutional transformation, market mechanism cultivation, industrial structure upgrading and driving regional economic growth, but there are many problems such as policy generalization, waste of land resources and lack of innovation. It is an important research topic to sort out the development experience and shortcomings of China''s development zones over the past 30 years, and to look into their future positioning. Based on a detailed discussion of the origins, driving mechanisms, development stages, functional evolution, and problems faced by China''s development zones, this paper summarizes the successful experiences of China''s development zones in four aspects:institutional arrangements, comparative advantages, industrial clustering, and business environment. In the future, the development of development zones should realize the transformation from production to life, from efficiency to equity, from prosperity of land to prosperity of people, from periphery to center, from specialization to diversification, from high growth to high quality development, and from openness to domestic and international double circulation.