类型化视域下自然保护地立法的制度建构

自然保护地在维持生态平衡,实现生态系统服务功能中可以发挥重要作用,但不同类型自然保护地的主导生态系统服务功能供给存在一定差异.《自然保护地法》立法工作须依赖理论上对自然保护地的类型化,并在此基础上建构对应型的规划建设、运营管理等方面的具体制度.因此,基于生态系统服务功能供给的空间差异,可以将当前相互重叠、缺乏体系的自然保护地划分为国家公园、自然保护区、自然公园、自然保护小区等四种类型,搭建"1部基础法律+4部类型化条例(或法律)"的自然保护地法律体系,并可以通过体系化公法、私法制度工具强化自然保护地的有效治理.

Institutional construction of natural protection land legislation in the perspective of typification

The protected area plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and realizing ecosystem service function. There are differences in the supply of main function of ecosystem services in different types of nature protected area. The legislative work of Act of Nature Conservation Areas is based on the typification of nature protection land in theory. And the corresponding planning and construction, operation management and other aspects of the system should be built. Therefore, based on the difference of ecosystem service function supply, the current overlapping and lack of systematic types of natural conservation areas can be transformed into four types:national parks, nature reserves, nature parks and small nature conservation areas. The legal system of "one basic law and four typed regulations" will be built. The governance of natural conservation areas can be strengthened by institutionalizing public law and private law system tools.