农地产权结构变迁视域下土地增值收益的公平分享

农地产权结构是搭建土地增值收益分配与宪法秩序有效链接的重要桥梁.从农地产权结构变迁的视角看,我国传统土地增值收益的国有化机制实际在很大程度上符合1982年宪法所确立的社会主义地租国有原则及地利共享秩序.然而,由于宪法土地条款一开始就被注入了地利分配具有倾向性的思想基因,长此以往便忽视了农民作为整体分享土地增值收益的"另一半宪法秩序".新型城镇化背景下,国家进行了"同地同权"、赋权于"民"的农村土地管理制度改革,其实质是宪法秩序的延续而非替代,我国土地增值收益分配的主要机制仍是征地补偿制度.要实现我国土地增值收益的公平分享,必须回到社会主义"国家—集体"一元论的完整地利共享秩序中来,并遵循实质平等的要求,通过以"人的城镇化"为目标对区片综合地价进行限定、采取倾向于农村及农业发展的"土地财政"政策、打破城乡户籍二元制实现城乡一体化发展等方案,推动农民全过程参与、共享土地利益.

Fair sharing of land value-added income under the perspective of farmland property rights structure change

The structure of farmland property rights is an important bridge for constructing an effective link between the distribution of land value-added income and the constitutional order. From the perspective of the structure change of farmland property right, the nationalization mechanism of the traditional land value-added income in China is in fact largely in line with the socialist land rent state-owned principle and the land benefit sharing order established in the Constitution of 1982. However, since the land clause of the constitution has been injected with the ideological gene of land interest distribution, "the other half of the constitutional order" in which farmers as a whole share the land value-added income has been ignored for a long time. Under the background of new urbanization, China has carried out the rural land management system reform of "the same land and the same rights" and "empowering the farmers". Its essence is the continuation of the constitutional order rather than the replacement. The main mechanism of land value-added income distribution in China is still the land acquisition compensation system. In order to realize the fair sharing of land value-added income in China, we must return to the complete land benefit sharing order of socialist "state-collective" monism, and follow the requirements of substantive equality, by limiting the regional comprehensive land price with the goal of "urbanization of people", adopting a "land finance" policy in favor of rural and agricultural development, and breaking the dual system of urban and rural household registration to realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas, so as to promote farmers to participate in the whole process and share land interests.