长期护理需求评估体系建设研究——基于地方试点与德国实践

长期护理需求评估是长期护理保险筹资与给付的联结点,直接决定了保险给付,并对长期护理保险筹资有重要影响.当前我国试点地方在长期护理需求评估制度的设计上分歧较大,虽积累了差异化的经验与案例,但地区分割不利于社会公平与社会流动.应立足于长期护理保险的社会保险属性,结合社会实际与试点效果,适当借鉴德国经验,统筹设计长期护理需求评估体系,通过"法律+行政法规+部门规章"的规范形式,精准定位评估对象,明确独立的评估主体、科学设计评估指标与评估工具、严格规范评估程序等确保评估结果的科学、客观与公正,并根据评估结果进行分级分类给付,实现长期护理保险资源流向精准.

Study on the construction of long-term care needs assessment system: Based on local pilot and German practice

Long-term care needs assessment is the link between financing and benefits of long-term care insurance, which directly determines the benefits and has an important impact on the financing of long-term care insurance. Now there are great differences in the design of long-term care needs assessment system in pilot areas in China. Though different experiences have been gained, regional segmentation is not conducive to social equity and social mobility. Based on the social insurance attributes of long-term care insurance, combined with social reality and local pilot, and drawing appropriate lessons from Germany, an overall long-term care needs assessment system should be designed. Through a normative form of "law + administrative regulations + departmental regulations", the assessment objects should be accurately positioned, the independent assessment subjects should be assigned, the assessment indicators and tools should be scientific designed, and the assessment procedures should be strictly specified, to ensure that the evaluation results are scientific, objective and fair. And benefits should be granted according to the classification of assessment results to realize the accurate flow of long-term care insurance resources.