农村公共环境卫生的治理模式演进与“三治融合”理路

村容整洁""生态宜居"是乡村振兴的重要内容.当前,农村的公共环境卫生状况与社会主义新农村的要求存在差距.我国农村公共环境卫生治理大致经历了"自发性治理模式""干预性治理模式""外包化治理模式"三个阶段."干预性治理模式""外包化治理模式"并不是最优化的治理模式,其自身缺陷使得农村公共环境卫生治理极易出现"张弛无序"现象.自治、法治、德治的"三治融合"是农村公共环境卫生治理的必然选择.农村公共环境卫生治理自治具有制度依赖性和技术依赖性,应以自治管理制度构建和农村环保技术开发为突破口;自治应注重"量力而为"原则,不能排斥市场行为和社会参与.农村公共环境卫生治理法治体系构造应以制度完善为切入点,改变城乡分治的立法局面,出台与我国法律规定相配套的实施制度,引入人工智能、地理信息和远程监控技术,创新生态环保监管执法方式和格局.农村公共环境卫生治理的德治功能应当通过双向激励性宣教、农村人口结构优化、乡规民约重塑予以实现.

The evolution of governance model of rural public environmental sanitation and the integration path of"three governances"

Everything is neat and tidy and "ecological livable" are important parts of rural revitalization. At present, there is a gap between the public environmental sanitation condition in rural areas and the requirements of new socialist countryside. China''s rural public environmental sanitation governance has experienced three stages:"spontaneous governance model", "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model". The "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model" are not the optimal governance model, and their own defects may lead to the non-sustainability of rural public environmental sanitation governance. The "three-in-one integration" of rule by autonomy, rule by law, and rule by virtue is an inevitable choice for rural public environmental sanitation governance. Rural public environmental sanitation governance autonomy has institutional dependence and technology dependence, and should be constructed with the autonomous management system and rural environmental protection technology development as a breakthrough. Autonomy should focus on the principle of "measuring strength" and cannot exclude market behavior and social participation. The rural public environmental sanitation governance rule of law system should be based on the improvement of the system, change the legislative situation of urban and rural divides, introduce the implementation system that is compatible with China''s legal provisions, introduce artificial intelligence, geographic information and remote monitoring technology, and innovate ecological environmental protection supervision ways and patterns. The function of the rule of virtue in rural public environmental sanitation governance should be realized through two-way incentive education, rural population structure optimization, and rectification of township regulations.