中国民法公序良俗原则的法律性质

“公序良俗原则”同其他民法基本原则(平等、自愿、公正、诚信)相比,具有价值的独特性和地位的至高性.其价值独特性在于兼具“价值宣示”和“裁判规范”的双重法律性质;地位至高性在于承载了民法最根本性的价值目标.“公序良俗原则”具有的事实面相、事实可还原性,以及立法技术的开放性要求——完整地给出了其具有双重法律性质的理由.“公序良俗原则”作为法律规范进行适用时,需要经过创造性解释环节,使其达到法律规则要求的确定性程度,同时消除可能存在的分歧.故此,必须执行禁止“向一般条款逃逸”和“谦抑性”要求,以防止“公序良俗原则”适用时所出现的各种“乱象”.

On the legal nature ofthe civil law principle of public order and good custom in China

Compared with other basic principles of civil law (equality,voluntariness,fairness and integrity),the principle of public order and good custom has the uniqueness of value and the highest status. The uniqueness of its value lies in the dual legal nature of "value declaration" and "referee''s standard",and its status is highest in that it carries the most fundamental value goal of civil law. The fact that the principle of public order and good custom has the factual face,the reducibility of the fact,and the open requirement of legislative technology gives the reasons for its dual legal nature. When the principle is applied as legal norm,it needs to be interpreted in a creative way,to meet the degree of certainty requirement of legal rules,and to eliminate possible differences. Therefore,it is necessary to enforce the requirements of "no escape to general provisions" and "modesty",in order to prevent the chaos appearing in the application of the principle of public order and good custom.