环境行政约谈的实践考察及制度完善

环境行政约谈作为一种新型的环境执法方式,具有独立的法律价值,且与当前环境治理模式从行政管制向行政服务转变的理念相契合.从制度设计功能的角度出发,通过对中国国内环境行政约谈制度立法和实践的考察以及国际行政执法方式转变分析,发现中国环境行政约谈制度还存在较多问题,如较高层级的法律规范框架缺位、约谈事由不科学、约谈结果偏离非强制性轨道、约谈程序缺乏等.基于环境治理理论得出,环境行政约谈本质上是一种行政指导行为,未来发展应重视激励性作用、预防效果,在明确环境行政约谈法律属性的基础上加强立法供给,规范实践运行,提高环境执法绩效.

The practice and perfection of environmental administrative interview system

As a new enforcement mode of environment law,environmental administrative interview has its independent legal value,and it is in line with the transformation needs of the current environmental governance model from administrative compulsory to administrative services.Through investigating the domestic legislation and practice of the system and analyzing the enforcement mode of international administrative law,we find there are many problems in China about administrative interview system.For example,the higher level legal norms framework is absent,the reasons for administrative interview are not scientific,administrative interview results are far from the non-mandatory track,and administrative interview programs are lack and so on.Based on the theory of environmental governance,environmental administrative interview is a kind of administrative guidance.In future,on one hand,we should attach importance to incentive and precaution and make clear the legal nature; on the other hand,we should enhance legislative supply,make practice operation normative and improve the enforcement effect.