环境法“义务重心”的理论证成与立法回应

环境法“义务重心论”是从“法的技术”层面提出的观点,是有别于“法的价值”层面而言的“义务本位论”,既非漠视主体的权利,也非“义务本位论”的回归,而是对环境权利“最给力”的捍卫与落实,其实践意义在于增进法律实效.环境法“义务重心”的客观依据正是自然规律的客观性、人类需要的基础性以及环境问题的特殊性.中国环境法亟需实现从“亡羊补牢式”“倒逼”到“未雨绸缪式 ”“预见”的“义务重心”立法理念匹配以及在合理配置各主体环境义务、扩充环境积极义务的内容、增加环境义务的履行方式以及强化违反环境义务的法律后果等层面进行环境立法“义务重心”的路径拓展,以期通过“义务重心”的环境立法变革增进环境法的实效.

Theoretical justification and legislative response of "Centre of Obligation" in environmental law

Centre of Obligation Theory of environmental law is derived from the aspect of "Law Technology". It is different from "Obligation Standard Theory" which is derived from the aspect of "Law Value". "Centre of Obligation Theory" is neither ignorant of the subject''s right nor regression to "Obligation Standard Theory". It is the most powerful protection and enforcement of environmental rights which means to improve the legal efficacy. The objective basis of "Centre of Obligation Theory" in environmental law is actually the objectivity of natural laws, the basal property of human''s demand and specialty of environmental problem. In order to enhance the legal efficacy of environmental law by reforming the legislation of environmental law according to "Centre of Obligation Theory", China''s environmental law need to reform legal theory and expand legislation path. The reform of legal theory has to be change from forcing by previous errors to precaution of predictable risks. The measures to expand legislation path on "Centre of Obligation Theory" in environmental law include appropriate allocation of each subject''s environmental obligation, extension of active obligation contents, addition to fulfillment methods of environment obligation, and aggravation of legal results for violation of environment obligation.