农地第三种权利续探

自确立家庭联产承包责任制以来，农地制度变革始终遵循着土地承包经营权自我完善的制度变迁路径。当前，日益深刻的农民分化现象使土地承包经营权的自我调适作用捉襟见肘。"三权分置"顺应农地权利分化趋势，超越农地制度变迁的路径依赖，开辟了探索农地第三种权利的路径。然而，"三权分置"创设的农地第三种权利——土地经营权存在理论缺陷，且未充分体现农地利用市场多方主体的多元农地利益。继续探索农地第三种权利应以农地市场化利用的基本方式——出租为规范的事实基础，以多方多元正当利益为规范目的；将农地租赁权作为一项独立权利构造，以农地租赁权取代土地经营权作为第三种权利；维持农地租赁权的债权性质，在农地租赁当事人协商一致的基础上，经依法登记后赋予农地租赁权享有某些特定的物权效力。

Further exploration on the third right to the Rural land

Since the household contract responsibility system has been established,the reform of rural land system always follows the path of institutional change of self-improvement of land contract management right. Currently, the deepening differentiation of farmers makes the function of self-adjustment of the land contract management right difficult. "separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights" comply with the trend of land rights division, and beyond the path dependence of farmland system change,opened up a new way to explore the third right of rural land. However, the third right made by "separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights"-land management right has theoretical defects, it''s not fully reflect the diversified interests for various main of rural land use market. Continue exploring the third right of rural land, the basic way for market utilization of rural land-lease should be the normative cornerstone, at the same time multiple legitimate interests become the normative purposes. Leasehold of rural land could be shaped as independent right, it will replace land management right as the third kind of right. Maintain the property right of leasehold of rural land,on the basis of the consensus of the parties concerned in the lease of rural land, the right to lease rural land shall be given validity of real right after being registered according to law.