进城落户农民宅基地权益保护的现实表达与法治回应

进城落户农民是中国新型城镇化发展的必然产物，也是影响中国21世纪发展的重要力量。从"弃地入城"到"带地入城"，保护进城落户农民宅基地权益已成为当前农村土地制度改革的重要着力点。基于建立有效保护进城落户农民宅基地权益的机制和制度体系这一研究目的，通过采取跨学科研究、实证分析、比较研究、价值分析等研究方法，发现"进城落户农民"是农民由身份性向职业性转变以及新型城镇化背景下农民地域流动、生存方式变革的结果，进城落户宅基地权益是受到法律保护的财产权，具有较强的理论性和实践性；宅基地权益保护状况是影响农民是否愿意进城落户以及进城落户后是否放弃农村土地权利的重要因素。研究建议：针对进城落户农民宅基地权益保护主要面临宅基地使用权制度不完善、部分相关制度缺位、宅基地权利缺乏有效实现形式、退出宅基地的相应补偿不合理、相关救济制度不健全等问题，需引入协同保护理念，加强宅基地使用权及司法救济制度建设，坚持激励与约束并举，有效保障进城落户农民的宅基地权益。

Thereal expression and institutional response of protection of homestead's rights and interests for peasants settled in city

As an inevitable result of the process of urbanization, peasants settled in city are an important power to influence the development of China in the twenty-first century. From "abandoning land when settling in city" to "taking land when settling in city", protection of homestead''s rights and interests for peasants settled in city is an important deployments of rural land system reform at present. Based on the purpose of establishing an effective mechanism and system to protect the rights and interests of peasants settled in city, by means of interdisciplinary research, empirical analysis, comparative study and value analysis, this paper finds that peasants settled in city are the result of the change of peasants'' regional mobility and living style under the background of the change of peasants'' identity to professionalism and the new-type urbanization, and the homestead''s rights and interests of peasants settled in city are property rights protected by law, which have strong theoretical and practical significance. The protection of homestead rights and interests is an important factor affecting peasants'' willingness to settle in city and to abandon rural land rights after settled in city. Facing with such problems as imperfect system of the right to use homestead, absence of some relevant systems, lack of effective realization ways of the right to homestead, unreasonable compensation for withdrawing from homestead, and imperfect relief system, it is necessary to introduce the idea of coordinated protection, strengthen the construction of the right to use homestead and related judicial relief systems, insist on the coexistence of incentives and restrictions, and effectively protect the homestead rights and interests of peasants settled in city.