乡村振兴战略背景下我国农业现代化治理的重要性及推动进路

我国是农业大国，农村经济发展的质量和水平影响着国民经济的发展。在新时代，实现农业现代化治理是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必由之路，是构建现代化治理体系的重要组成部分，是确保国家粮食安全的客观要求。当前，我国农业现代化治理中还存在着许多突出问题，如农业经济管理模式落后于发展需要，具体表现为：一是管理理念比较落后；二是农业经济管理体系创新力不足；三是重产轻质问题突出；四是工作职能边界不够清晰。农村基础设施和公共服务的落后现象没有得到根本扭转，主要表现为：一是农村基础设施和农村公共服务设施相对落后，投入标准低、配套设施不完善；二是农村公共服务相对于城市还有较大差距；三是在农村教育方面，区域之间教育发展水平仍不平衡。小农户难以嵌入现代化农业进程，主要源于：一是经营规模小；二是资金短缺且借贷困难；三是农业社会化服务体系不够健全。农业从业人员素质偏低制约了农业发展，表现在：一是传统农作物种植方式导致农业生产效率和产品质量不高；二是年老的农民缺乏农业科技知识和技能，且精力有限，导致农业技术的发展和应用状况非常不理想；三是农村不平衡不充分的发展现状难以满足农民美好生活需求。面对以上突出现状，在开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的宏大背景下，实现农业现代化治理需要优化农业经济管理体系，一要提升相关领导重视程度，二要健全管理体系，三要加强对农村经济管理工作的指导和监督，四要提高工作人员综合素质。在补齐农村基础设施短板上，一要加强公共基础设施建设，二要加强公共服务的相关设备设施、场地等建设，三要创新农村基础设施管护机制。在推进农业科技应用方面，一要重视科研体系构建，二要加快推进科技创新供给侧改革，三要加快创新人才队伍建设。在当前，要实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接，一要加强制度保障，二要鼓励发展多种形式的适度规模经营，大力培育新型农业经营主体。为了培养新型职业农民，一要抓牢教育环节，二要创新新型职业农民的职业教育机制，三要构建优秀人才回流的动力机制。

Agricultural modernization governance in the context of rural revitalization strategy:Importance and path ahead

China is a large agricultural country. The quality and level of rural economic development affect the development of national economy. In the new era, the realization of agricultural modernization governance is an inevitable way to realize the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country, an important part of building a modern governance system, and an objective requirement to ensure national food security. At present, there are still many prominent problems in the governance of China''s agricultural modernization, such as the agricultural economic management model lags behind the development needs, specifically as follows:first, the management concept is relatively backward; second, the innovation of agricultural economic management system is insufficient; third, the problem of paying more attention to quantity than quality; fourth, unclear job function boundaries. The backwardness of rural infrastructure and public services has not been fundamentally reversed, which is mainly reflected in:first, rural infrastructure and rural public service facilities are relatively backward, with low investment standards and imperfect supporting facilities; second, there is still a big gap between rural public services and those of the cities; third, in rural education, the level of education development between regions is still unbalanced. Small farmers are difficult to embed into the process of modern agriculture. First, the operation scale is small. Second, lack of funds and it is difficult to borrow. Third, the agricultural socialized service system is still slightly imperfect. The low quality of agricultural employees has affected agricultural development, which is reflected in:first, the traditional crop planting method is not high in agricultural production efficiency and product quality; second, the old farmers lack agricultural technology knowledge and skills, and their energy is limited, which lead to the unsatisfactory development and application of agricultural technology; third, the current situation of unbalanced and insufficient development in rural areas is difficult to meet the needs of farmers for a better life.In the face of the above situation, under the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, the realization of agricultural modernization governance needs to optimize the agricultural economic management system. First, it is necessary to enhance the attention of relevant leaders. Second, we should improve the management system. Third, we should strengthen the guidance and supervision of rural economic management. Fourth, we should improve the comprehensive quality of staff. In making up for the shortcomings of rural infrastructure, first, we should strengthen the construction of public infrastructure. Second, we should strengthen the construction of relevant equipment, facilities and venues for public services. Third, we should innovate the management and protection mechanism of rural infrastructure. In promoting the application of agricultural science and technology in agriculture, first, we should pay attention to the construction of scientific research system. The second is to accelerate the supply side reform of scientific and technological innovation, and the third is to accelerate the construction of innovative talent team. At present, in order to realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development,first, we should strengthen institutional guarantee. Second, we should encourage the development of various forms of moderate scale operation and vigorously cultivate new agricultural business entities. When training new professional farmers, first, we should pay close attention to education. The second is to innovate the new vocational education mechanism for farmers. Third, we should build a driving mechanism for the return of excellent talents.