从"谴责小说"看文学研究的亟待突破

"谴责小说"概念在获得它特有的含义、被用于指称晚清社会讽刺小说之后,也渐渐获得一种整体性质,几乎成为晚清小说的代称.而实际上,这个概念难以承担对晚清小说的整体指称,时代赋予了鲁迅、胡适那一代新文化人创造新文化和新文学的使命,也决定了"谴责小说"一类概念的历史暂定性.五四对传统形式文学的批评,目的是创造新形式,并不负责为将来的批评提供固定的结论.因此,超越前人和历史,是当今文学研究能否有实质进展的关键所在.

On the Urgent Breakthroughs in Literature Study from "Novels of Exposure"

The concept of "novels of exposure" (Qianze Xiaoshuo), which was initiated by Lu Xun, has acquired some general meanings after being used to describe novels of social satire in the late Qing Dynasty, and almost represented the late Qing novels as a whole. In fact, the concept included some provisional meanings, and would ignore the characters of some late Qing novels, such as Flowers in Evil World (Nie Hai Hua) by Zeng Pu and The Brief History of Civilization (Wen Ming Xiao Shi) by Li Bo-yuan. The historic role of the writers of the May Fourth generation is to deny the former literature, rather than to give the lasting conclusion. So the study of 20th century Chinese literature has faced a challenge of May Fourth tradition. Keeping a position beyond history is thus the key to some academic breakthroughs.