传统社会治理规范的现代审视

中国传统社会治理模式存在着平等精神缺乏、单向度义务本位主义、忽视和压抑人性等种种局限性。无论是“礼治”还是“法治”,都只是“人治”的一体两翼,在本质上是统治者礼法合流下的“术治”选择。“术治”模式的经久不衰,得益于根深蒂固的宗法血缘圈层文化认同,并通过多样态的宗法伦理共同体实施社会治理。宗法伦理共同体以宗族为单位进行自我组织、自我管理、自我教化,从而在地域社会拓展出一定的自治性空间,并形成一种“泛宗族主义”或者说“泛血缘文化”。当然,如果抛开如上一些内在的局限,那么中国传统治理模式对于当前推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化而言,在确立道德实践主体、强化行政伦理规范、扩展组织文化功能等方面,依然具有重要的启示和意义。

The Governance of Chinese Traditional Society and Its Modern View

There are many limitations in the traditional Chinese social governance model,such as the lack of equality spirit,the unidirectionality of obligation departmentalism,the neglect and suppression of human nature.Both “Rule by Rites” and “Rule by law” are only two wings of “Rule by Man”,which is essentially the choice of “Rule by Trickery” under the confluence of etiquette and law.The long-standing model of “Rule by Trickery” benefits from the deep-rooted cultural identity of patriarchal blood circle and the implementation of social governance through various patriarchal ethical communities.The patriarchal ethical community takes the clan as the unit to carry out self-organization,self-management and self-education,so as to expand a certain space of autonomy in the regional society,and form a kind of “Pan clan doctrine” or “Pan blood culture”.In terms of promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity,the ancient traditional social governance thought still has important modern enlightening significance in the aspects of establishing the subject of moral practice,strengthening administrative ethics norms,and expanding the function of organizational culture.