中国近代西学传播的历史拐点与文化变迁

1840年鸦片战争后,国人被迫开始主动学习西方先进的科学技术和文化。西学从往日个别零碎和缓慢的传入方式转变为广泛、迅速的具有侵略性质的文化殖民主义的侵入。西学在近代中国的传播次第经历了一个由表层器物文化、中层制度文化、深层精神意识文化的变迁过程。“师夷长技以制夷”思想主张和“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“清末新政”“辛亥革命”“新文化运动”等社会变革运动成为西学传播过程中的始点与拐点。

The Historical Turning Point and Cultural Change of the Spread of Western Learning in Modern China

After the Opium War in 1840, Chinese people were forced to take the initiative to learn advanced western sciences, technologies and cultures. Western learning has changed from a fragmented and slow way of introduction into a wide and rapid invasion of aggressive cultural colonialism. The dissemination of Western learning in modern China has undergone a process of change from superficial utensil culture, middle system culture to deep spiritual consciousness culture. The ideological proposition of “learning advanced technologies from foreigners to defend the invasion” and the social transformation movements such as “Westernization Movement”, “Reform Movement of 1898”, “New Deal of the Late Qing Dynasty”, “Revolution of 1911” and “New Cultural Movement” have become the starting point and turning point in the process of spreading Western learning.