高技术产业关联密度对城市就业的影响——基于产业空间认知邻近度的实证分析

在经济高质量发展中需要高技术产业发展引领，而高技术产业发展与新技术的广泛使用对就业岗位是否会产生冲击而造成大规模失业，引起了人们的担忧。为此，将高技术产业发展与演化经济地理学主题相结合，采用“产业空间”方法测度了高技术产业和其他产业关联性，基于中国工业企业数据库的面板数据对中国高技术产业及其与其他产业关联密度在城市工业就业上的影响进行了检验。研究表明：(1)高技术产业具有就业创造效应，城市经济对劳动力的需求会因高技术产业诱发关联产业发展而显著增加。(2)高技术产业发展为市场提供了技术应用与服务，使资源密集型产业的劳动力需求减少，释放出一定规模的劳动力。(3)高技术产业与其他产业的关联密度主要是通过生产效率提高促使产业规模扩大、提高居民收入促使消费需求提升等机制促进城市产业就业需求增加。高技术产业带动关联产业的发展对城市就业的促进效应具有较强的稳健性。

The Impact of High-tech Industry Correlation Density on Urban Employment ——An Empirical Analysis Based on Cognitive Proximity of Industry Space

The development of high-tech industries is needed to lead the high-quality economic development,and whether the development of high-tech industries and the widespread use of new technologies will have an impact on employment and cause large-scale unemployment has aroused concern.To this end,the paper combines the development of high-tech industries with the theme of evolutionary economic geography,and uses the “industry space” method to measure the correlation between high-tech industries and other industries.Based on the panel data of Chinas industrial enterprise database,it tests the impact of Chinas high-tech industries and their correlation density with other industries on urban industrial employment.The research shows that:(1)high-tech industries have the effect of employment creation,and the demand for labor force in urban economy will increase significantly due to the development of related industries induced by high-tech industries.(2)The development of high-tech industries provide the market with technology applications and services,reducing the demand for labor in resource intensive industries and releasing a certain scale of labor.(3)The correlation density between high-tech industries and other industries is mainly to promote the increase of urban industrial employment demand through mechanisms such as increasing production efficiency to promote the expansion of industrial scale,and increasing residents’ income to promote the increase of consumption demand.The promotion effect of high-tech industries driving the development of related industries on urban employment has a strong robustness.