康有为对董仲舒思想的阐发及其意义

“活法”是中国古代文艺创作的重要思想,首倡者应为北宋胡宿,其以“活法”来倡诗作之新变;苏轼对“活法”的推进至关重要,提出“信道法智”“道凝而法活”,反对“死法”,将“活法”作为“道”及万物人生之本性而致思,确定了“活法”的基本意涵和生命向度。吕本中认为“活法”是“有定法而无定法,无定法而有定法”,并落实到自我生命的维度,张元幹、杨万里等进一步阐发了“活法”之说。宋代理学彰显着生生性、活络性,“活泼泼地”是理学家常探究的话题,儒家之“活”是万物之理、学问之法,亦是文艺之则;禅宗之“活”是“活法”观的重要思想源头,“参活句”一直是宋代禅僧的话头,圆悟克勤、大慧宗杲多次论及,这对吕本中、杨万里等“活法”观具有巨大影响,清代朱庭珍、石涛等人直接将“活法”阐发为“至法”“无法之法”。中国古代之“活法”观凝结着宇宙万物之生命的深度思考。

Kang Youweis Elucidation of Dong Zhongshus Thought and Its Significance

In the ten years before the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei devoted himself to exploring the “academic origins” of Chinese local culture, focusing on the pre-Qin scholars.Although Kang Youwei mentioned few figures from the Han and Tang Dynasties,he paid more attention to Dong Zhongshu.In fact,Kang Youwei not only talked about Dong Zhongshu many times,but also elaborated Dong Zhongshus thoughts in Dongs Studies on The Spring and Autumn Annals.Kang Youweis expounding of Dong Zhongshus thought seems to admire Dong Zhongshu,but in fact it is a small talk to exert Confucius thought with the help of The Spring and Autumn Annals.It is for this reason that Kang Youweis elucidation of Dong Zhongshus thought is helpful to grasp Kang Youweis examination and evaluation of Dong Zhongshu as a whole,and to understand Kang Youweis view of Confucianism and Dong Zhongshus historical destiny in modern philosophy.