美学视域下的凌廷堪礼学思想探微

有清一代,礼学和礼教备受重视,几可比拟西周。清中叶徽儒凌廷堪有丰富的礼学思想,其礼学思想具有鲜明的美学特质和丰富的美学意蕴,可从三个方面呈现这一点:第一,凌廷堪礼学思想的核心是“以礼代理”,这是明末清初以来的“礼教主义”思潮的延续,礼教主义注重道德教化的感知性、情感性、切身性,强调礼教的象征性,这可从宏观上呈现凌廷堪礼学思想的美学特质;第二,立足于礼的感性呈现、礼的情性基础、礼的象征意义、礼的教化(美育)目标这几个基点,从美学方法论层面,重新结构其礼学命题,进而在中国传统的话语体系中呈现其礼学思想的美学意蕴;第三,通过与同时代的“宋学派”的代表人物方东树的礼学思想进行对比,进一步彰显其礼教思想中注重美学的奠基性的特质。

A Probe into Ling Tingkans Ritual Thoughts from the Perspective of Aesthetics

In the Qing Dynasty,the study of rites and ethics received much attention,which was almost comparable to the Western Zhou Dynasty.Ling Tingkan,a Hui Confucian in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,had rich thought of rites.His thought of rites had distinct aesthetic characteristics and rich aesthetic meaning,which could be presented from three aspects:firstly,the core of Ling Tingkans thought of rites was “acting by rites”,which was the continuation of the ideological trend of “Rites” since the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.It paid attention to the perception,emotion and personal nature of moral education,and emphasized the symbolism of etiquette,which could show the aesthetic characteristics of Ling Tingkans thought of etiquette from a macro perspective;Secondly,based on the perceptual presentation,emotional basis,symbolic significance and educational(aesthetic)goal of rites,this paper restructures its propositions of rites from the perspective of aesthetic methodology,and then presents the aesthetic implication of its thoughts of rites in the traditional discourse system of China;Thirdly,by comparing with the ritual thought of Fang Dongshu,the representative of the “Song school” at the same time,it further demonstrates the foundational characteristics of paying attention to aesthetics in his ethical thought.