生命历程的贫穷——美国与瑞典社会政策之比较

文章运用莱泽因的生命历程政策模型分析美国和瑞典的贫穷动态与社会政策之间的关系。通过对比,笔者发现两国公民生命历程中的贫穷与本国的社会政策有直接关系。瑞典公民的生命历程被政策建构的程度较深;而美国社会则出现分化,下层阶级的生命历程制度化程度很深,而上层阶级则基本不受政策影响。两国的福利改革对于贫穷动态也有不同的影响。从而得出结论,福利政策对于生命历程中贫穷的建构作用需要综合考虑,不可忽略它在不同国家和阶层的不同表现以及它随改革的不断变化。 

Poverty in Life Course: Comparative Study of Social Policies in America and Sweden

The framework of life course policy in the study of Leisering and Leibfried shows that the dynamics of poverty and social policy are correlative. Through the Compartive tire study, The author found that people＇s life courses are institutionalized by social policies and the social policies in Sweden have stronger institutionalization effect than those of America. Social policies in America have different effects on different classes. The life courses of underclass in the United States are institutionalized deeper than the wealthy. The social policies have changed with the reformation in both of the two countries, but the trand has not changed. The effects of social policies in these two countries are different with Germany in the study of Leisering and Leibfried. The conclusion is that the degree and effect of institutionalization of life courses are different with different social policies.