犯罪低龄化之应对——以降低刑事责任年龄为视角

青少年“依法犯罪”案件频发导致了社会的愤怒与焦虑，要求降低刑事责任年龄的呼声此起彼伏，《刑法修正案（十一）》对民意予以积极回应，并将法定最低刑事责任年龄作个别下调处理。刑事责任年龄的设定关系到多学科的科学评估和理性探讨。在我国应对青少年犯罪的刑事政策指导下，根据刑罚的局限性、青少年身心发展的特殊性、救济措施的多元性以及刑事责任年龄的规律性，降低刑事责任年龄不应当作为应对犯罪低龄化的主要手段。在青少年犯罪率逐年下降的背景下，进一步明确专门矫治教育的适用条件，合理适用教育惩戒措施，增加监护人刑事监督责任，平衡惩罚与保护的边界，才是法律层面应对犯罪低龄化的基本思路。 

Coping with the Younger Age of Crime: From the Perspective of Lowering the Age of Criminal Responsibility

In recent years, the frequent incident of juvenile “crime according to the law” has led to social anger and anxiety. Calls for lowering the age of criminal responsibility keep rising, and the “Amendment to Criminal Law (XI)” also reduce the statutory minimum age of criminal responsibility individually. However, the proposal of amending the law has not been properly assessed scientifically and fully discussed theoretically. Under the guidance of China's juvenile criminal policy, according to the limitation of criminal penalty, the particularity of juveniles, the diversity of relief and the regularity of the age of criminal responsibility, the age of criminal responsibility should not be reduced as a mean to punish the younger age of criminal responsibility. Under the background of decreasing juvenile crime rate year by year, further clarifying the applicable conditions for special remedial education, and rationally applying educational disciplinary measures, and increase guardians' responsibility for criminal supervision, and balancing the boundary between punishment and protection are basic thought to deal with the younger age of crime.