决议对外效力的立法安排——评《民法总则》第85条、第94条但书

《民法总则》第85条与第94条两个但书在立法上首次涉及决议的对外效力问题,但欠缺理论基础与体系性关照,还存在诸多问题。理论上决议对外效力的作用方式是影响代表权或代理权,也唯有此等决议才有相对人的信赖保护的问题。相对人的信赖保护问题在决议有效或效力瑕疵时都会产生,在规范适用路径上必须回归已有的信赖保护规则。就此现行法已提供完整的信赖保护规则,且相互之间存在差别,无法提取出共同规则,因此不应在总则中以“公因式”的方式规定决议的对外效力。立法论上,这两个但书应删除;解释论上,这两个但书应作为不完全法条配合现有的信赖保护规则一起适用。

Legislation Arrangement of External Effects of Resolutions: Comment on Provisos of Article 85 and 94 in the General Part of Chinese Civil Code

The two provisos in articles 85 and 94 in the General Part of the Chinese Civil Code involve the external effect of a first-time resolution.However,the provisos need additional consideration,as they were not theoretically,fundamentally,and systematically considered.Theoretically,the external effect of a resolution works via its influence on the representation and authority,and in such cases,the problem exists of the reliance protection of the counterparty.This problem exists whether the resolution is valid or defective.The correct method to apply the norms is to return to the existing reliance protection rules.The positive law has offered integrated rules on the reliance protection of the counterparty,which differ from each other.No common rule can be extracted; therefore,there should not be a “common factor” in the General Part of the Chinese Civil Code.The two provisos should be deleted in the sense of legislation,and should be consistent with the existing reliance protection rules in the sense of interpretation.