科学的元分类及其对未来科学发展的启示

科学分类（实际上是指对科学进行分类）是一项古老的科学学或科学哲学工作。关于分类的科学的发展已经取得了非常大的成就,但对科学分类本身至今还处于一种相当不自觉的状态。科学是人类对确定性的追求,发现、认识并理解科学,进而运用科学是人在这个小小星球上存在与发展的自然选择——人择。人类追求科学的确定性存在：形式或抽象的确定性,历史文化或对既成存在的确定性,以及未来的确定性。这形成了科学的三元结构：形式科学元,解释/实证科学元,设计/实践科学元。这三种科学元构成了科学分类的元结构。在人类赖以生存发展的三类科学中,设计科学是目前最欠发达的科学元,今天人类对发展的不满与担忧的绝大多数问题是我们所进行的设计水平不高引起的,根本问题是设计科学没有得到充分发展。任何科学都必须精密、精致,促使科学精密精致的根本在于其各科学元的公理化实现。其实,所谓的后科学社会则是设计科学的春天,而今天所有不够科学的科学都需要通过公理化的努力实现科学化。

The Meta-sort of the Sciences and the Inspiration for the Development of Future Sciences

Science classification（ the classifying of science） is a piece of work of scientific science,scientific philosophy or management. With the efforts of many wise men,philosophers and science masters,the scientific development of classification has made a big achievement,but the classification of science is still far from its original intention and classification’s targets are yet to be achieved. Science is human’s pursuit of certainty. Discovering science,understanding and interpreting science,applyingscience are natural things of human for living and advancing in the little planet—human selection. The scientific certainty human pursues involves three forms： certainty of form or abstraction,certainty of historical culture or existent fact,and certainty of future. These certainties form a ternary elementary structure of science—form science element,interpretative / empirical science element,and design science element. The three science elements compose the elementary structure of science classification. At present,design science is the least advanced one in the three kinds of science. Most human’s discontent and worry about development and advancement are due to the low level of design we have made,which is the fundamental reason that design science has not been fully developed. Any science must be precise and sophisticated. The essential point of making science precise and sophisticated is the implementation of axiomization of science element. In fact,the so-called post-scientific society is a society led by design science. Today,all the less precise sciences ought to be axiomizated to implement their precision—to implement people’s expectations of science—deductive science.