宅基地“三权分置”改革：“三权”关系、政策内涵及实现路径

宅基地“三权分置”是新时代中国农村改革的又一重大制度创新,也是宅基地制度改革理论和政策的重大创新与突破,其内涵丰富。基于对新中国成立以来宅基地产权变迁的回顾,分析了宅基地“三权分置”下的权利关系,构建了宅基地“三权分置”改革的基本框架,对宅基地“三权分置”政策内涵进行阐释。从政策本质上看,宅基地“三权分置”改革旨在重塑集体所有制下的宅基地产权结构和权利体系,以完善和丰富宅基地权能,实现多元主体共享宅基地产权。宅基地“三权分置”的实现路径包括:落实宅基地集体所有权,完善集体经济组织所有权权能;重塑宅基地产权结构,保障农户享有更完整的宅基地权利;推进社会主体共享宅基地使用权,促进农村宅基地盘活利用。

The Reform of “Separation of Three Rights” in Homestead: the Relation of Three Rights,Policy Connotation and Realization Path

The separation of three rights in homestead is another major institutional innovation in China’s rural reform in the new era.It is a major innovation and breakthrough in the theory and policy of the homestead system reform,which has abundant connotation.Based on the review of homestead property rights evolution since the founding of New China,this paper analyses the right relation under the three rights separation of homestead,constructs the connotation framework of the three rights separation of homestead,and explains the basic connotation of the three rights separation of homestead.From the perspective of the policy essence,the three rights separation of homestead aims at reshaping the property rights structure and the rights system of homestead under collective ownership in order to perfect and enrich the rights and function of the homestead and realize the sharing of property rights among multiple subjects.The research puts forward the realization path of the three rights separation of homestead,which includes implementing collective ownership of homestead and improving the ownership rights and functions of collective economic organizations,reshaping the property right structure of homestead to guarantee farmers’more complete homestead rights,promoting the sharing of homestead right by social subjects,and promoting the live utilization of homestead.