我国粮食生产效率变化及其影响因素——基于能源视角的分析

粮食生产既是产生能量物质,也是消耗能源的过程。在当今全球性能源紧缺、能源供求矛盾突出的背景下,从能源视角研究我国粮食生产效率变化具有重要意义。因此,从能值核算出发,对主要投入的能源要素进行无量纲整合,在我国粮食生产的能源消耗演变特征进行分析的基础上,基于全要素生产率研究框架,运用改进的随机前沿（SFA）模型对粮食生产的能源效率变化进行实证分解,并进一步对粮食生产效率的影响因素、主要粮食生产能源效率变化进行解构分析,得出的主要结论有：近20年来我国粮食生产总能耗上升但相应能效却呈现周期式下降;劳动力产出弹性的短期负作用会在长期农村劳动力流失中逐渐消失,能源要素产出弹性显著,人力资本的提高、有效灌溉率的提高、粮食补贴政策的积累效应能对技术效率存在不同情况的促进作用;技术进步率、劳动和土地替代变化率的变化对我国粮食生产的能源效率的发挥起着主要作用。

The Research on China’s Food Producing Efficiency Change and its Influencing Factors on the Perspective of Energy

Food production is both the procedure to produce and consume energy.As contradiction intensified in between the goal of energy consumption gradually expanding and its shortage price-rising,the research on total factor decomposition of grain production energy efficiency change is of great significance.This article redefines and recounts major energy input through energy value accounting calculation,then using modified SFA model inspired by DEA framework dealing with the relationship between total factor productivity and energy efficiency to analyze the influence factors,and further decompose the energy efficiency change,drawing the conclusion as follows：China＇s grain production increased but total energy consumption energy efficiency are showing a downward cycle in recent two decades;labor negative effects will gradually disappear in the loss of the rural labor force in the long term,while energy has become a significant elements of output.Human capital,effective irrigation and the cumulative effect of food subsidies play different time-mode roles in promoting the technology efficiency;the change of the technological progress,labor and land substitute rate in the long term on the energy efficiency.