农村土地制度的深层矛盾与改革设想——以陕西为例分析

农地制度是农村经济制度的基础，现行农地制度阻碍了农村经济的进一步发展。基于对陕西600个农户的问卷调查和对相关部门的访谈调查，认为现行农地制度的基本矛盾在于农地的生产要素功能和社会保障功能之间的矛盾。农地的生产要素功能要求对农地进行规模经营，要求农地产权稳定、可交易，但农地的社会保障功能却要求平均分配和定期调整农地，并限制农地的自由交易。据此，文章主张赋予农户永久的农地使用权，并允许已经有稳定非农收入的农户出售农地使用权，但在交易中政府征收社会保障金，以逐步将农户纳入现代社会保障体系。其目的是在充分实现土地的生产要素功能的同时为农民提供社会保障。

The Rural Land Institution Basic Contradictionand the Reform Scheme——Analysis of the Case in Shaanxi

The rural land institution is the basis of the rural economic system. The current rural land institution is impeding the further development of the rural economy. Of the 600 farmers and correlative government departments surveyed in Shaannxi Province, the article indicates that the basic contradiction in current rural land institution is the contradiction between the land;s factor function and the social security. As a factor,the land should be of large-scale, stable, and exchangeable. However, as a social security, the land should be allotted equally, adjusted periodically and restrained from exchanging freely. Therefore, it advocates a reform scheme for exchanging land for security, which grants the farmers permanent tenancy right and the right to transact land freely,and entrusts the government the right to levy the social security tax in the transaction,in order to solve the problem of the low efficiency of the land and provide the social security for farmers at the same time.