基于产业示范站的科技扶贫模式及其减贫效应

探索促进区域经济增长和贫困人口减贫相结合的科技扶贫模式,是我国目前精准扶贫战略实施的重点。以西北农林科技大学产业示范站科技扶贫模式为例,从理论层面分析了其减贫机制,并运用陕西省3个国家扶贫开发重点县748份微观农户调研数据,实证检验了科技扶贫的减贫效应。研究发现:(1)产业示范站科技扶贫模式具有显著减贫效应,即农户通过参与农业科技培训、主导产业示范、农业信息服务和产业组织化带动4种扶贫方式,不仅能提高其家庭农业收入,也能降低家庭贫困发生的概率;(2)不同科技扶贫方式的减贫效应存在显著差异,其中农业科技培训的减贫效应较为突出,而农业信息服务的减贫效应有待进一步提升;(3)建档立卡贫困户科技扶贫参与度低于非贫困户。因此,地方政府应加大财政支持与组织保障的力度,引导高校优势科技资源与贫困地区特色产业精准对接,借鉴“西农模式”为深入推进区域精准扶贫战略提供科技支撑。

Analysis of Model of Poverty Alleviation by Science and Technology and Its Effects Based on Industrial Demonstration Stations

Exploring the model of poverty alleviation by science and technology that combines the roles of promoting economic growth and benefiting the poor is very critical in the implementation of China’s targeted poverty alleviation strategy.Taking the model of poverty alleviation by science and technology based on industrial demonstration stations of the Northwest A&F University as an example,this paper theoretically analyzes the poverty alleviation mechanism,and uses 748 micro farm household survey data of three national poverty counties in Shaanxi Province to empirically test the effect of model of poverty alleviation by science and technology.The research results show that the model of poverty alleviation by science and technology has significant poverty alleviation effects,namely,agricultural technology training,industry demonstration,agricultural information service and industrial organization not only significantly improve the household agricultural income in poverty-stricken areas,but also significantly reduce the probability of family poverty.In addition,there are significant differences in the poverty alleviation effects of different forms of poverty alleviation by science and technology,among which the marginal poverty reduction effect of agricultural technology training is more prominent,and the marginal effect of agricultural information services needs to be further improved.Importantly,participation of poor households in poverty alleviation is lower than the non-poor households.Therefore,the government should encourage universities to accurately connect advantageous resources with the development of industries in poverty-stricken areas through strong financial support and policy support,and refer to the practices of Northwest A&F University to provide accurate technological support for further implementing poverty reduction strategies.