农村互助养老:历史演变、实践困境和发展路径

当前,农村养老成为整个社会普遍关心的重要问题。农村互助养老具有传承孝道文化、发扬互助精神、提升农民参与养老的积极性和自觉性等优点。我国的互助养老经历了一个较长的历史演变过程:新中国成立以前是以宗亲互助养老为主;新中国成立以后到改革开放以前是以集体互助养老为主;改革开放至今逐步形成了社会互助养老模式。当前的农村互助养老实践面临诸多困境:村民参与互助式养老的意识淡薄;现行的体制机制匹配度不高;基础的养老服务不能满足现实的需求;保障资金来源的渠道有限且不稳定;参与养老的社会资源呈点状分布等。需要从革新观念,提升参与意识;完善机制,先行顶层设计;丰富内容,服务体系多元;拓展渠道,资金保障到位;群策群力,协同社会力量等方面加以解决,使其持续、健康、有序地发展起来。

Mutual Support Pension in China’s Rural Areas: Historical Evolution、 Practical Dilemma and Development Path

At present,the rural pension has become an important issue that the whole society is concerned about.Rural mutual support pension has the characteristics of inheriting filial piety culture,carrying forward the spirit of mutual assistance,and enhancing the enthusiasm and consciousness of peasants to participate in the pension and so on.China’s mutual support pension has experienced a long historical evolution process: before the founding of new China,it was mainly based on clan mutual aid;after the founding of new China,it was mainly based on collective mutual assistance;since the reform and opening-up,the social mutual aid pension model has gradually formed.There are many difficulties in the practice of mutual support pension in rural areas,such as the weak awareness of villagers to participate in the mutual pension,the matching degree of the existing system and mechanism needs to be further strengthened,the basic pension service cannot meet the actual needs,the channel of ensuring the source of funds is limited,the degree of stability is not enough,and the point distribution of social resources participating in pension needs to be integrated.It is necessary to find a new way by innovating ideas,enhancing participation consciousness,improving mechanism first from top level,enriching content, diversifying service system,expanding channels,ensuring funds in place,and working together with social forces,so as to promote the sustainable,healthy and orderly development of rural mutual support pension in China.