社区为本:反贫困社会工作的理论建构及其反思

"社区为本"的反贫困社会工作在脱贫攻坚工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用,其在理论上主要表现为本体论层面的"共同体取向",方法论层面的"中观路径"以及价值论层面的"公平精神",并以援助取向、增能取向、解放取向、解构取向四种理论取向构成其理论分析的基础框架。在实践上,"社区为本"的反贫困社会工作延伸出了支持性路径、赋权性路径、倡导性路径和反思性路径四重实践干预路径。"社区为本"的反贫困社会工作以社区为主体,旨在借助社区成员的集体参与来整合社会资源,以多样化的行动策略回应社区的多元需求,促进社区的整体进步和可持续发展,它是一种达致团结、互惠、尊重、平等、意识觉醒、能力提升的集体行动过程。

Community Centered Model:Theoretical Construction and Reflection of Anti poverty Social Work

Anti-poverty social work on"community centered" model plays an increasingly important role in poverty alleviation.In theory,it is generally manifested as the ontological "community orientation",the methodological "meso-approach" and the axiological "fairness spirit".Furthermore,it constitutes the basic framework of its theoretical analysis with four theoretical orientations:helping orientation,empowerment orientation,emancipatory orientation and deconstructive orientation.In practice,it has extended four practical intervention approaches including supportive approach, empowerment approach, advocacy approach and reflexivity approach.On the whole,anti-poverty social work on "community centered" model regards the community as the main body to integrate social resources with the collective participation of community members,and responds to the diverse needs of the community with diversified action strategies in order to promote the overall progress and sustainable development of the community,which means it is a collective action process achieving unity,reciprocity,respect,equality,consciousness awakening and ability improvement.