贫困地区小额信贷的运行绩效

基于西北5省33县的宏观经济金融数据以及127家小额信贷机构2010-2013年财务数据，评价了贫困县的小额信贷运行绩效。既有研究缺乏对欠发达省份贫困县小额信贷机构运行绩效的评价，研究结果表明：超过半数以上的农村金融机构存在明显的目标客户偏移，而贫困县农户（尤其是特困户）面临的金融排斥最为严重；贫困县小额信贷服务机构的盈利性受到影响，但是存在提升的空间，并且盈利能力也在增强；小额信贷服务机构的盈利性与扶贫目标之间不存在权衡关系，而仅与机构类型、省份存在显著相关关系。由此，开展金融创新，提高扶贫业务的目标瞄准率，是贫困地区小额信贷扶贫政策调整的方向。

Operation Performance of Microfinance Organizations in Poverty-stricken Areas

Performance and mission drift of microfinance in poverty-stricken counties are evaluated, based on data of macro financial & economic and 127 microfinance organizations through 2010-2013, from 33 counties in 5 provinces in northwest China. Because social performance evaluation of microfinance organizations in poverty-stricken counties in less-developed areas is scared, we comprise it and the results show that: i. Mission drift exists in more than half microfinance organizations, and serious financial exclusion is encountered by farmer households, especially the special poor; ii. Profitability of microfinance organizations are depressed in poverty-stricken counties, whereas open space exists and profitability is enhanced; iii. Mission and profitability are not traded off by microfinance organizations, but significantly correlated with types of organization and provinces. Policy recommendations are suggested that financial innovation should be advocated in order to enhance the targeting rate of microfinance in poverty-stricken areas.