实行行为研究与中国刑法罪状的完善

刑法分则法条之中罪状所规定的行为是实行行为,罪状中不应该规定预备行为。实行行为是行为人发出的侵犯法益的行为,在罪状中不能也不应出现行为人以外的第三人行为。刑事立法在设置罪状时应尽量使用叙明罪状,少用甚至不用简单罪状,对犯罪的实行行为描述要完整,特别是要把犯罪的本质特征明确地规定出来,明确犯罪实行行为的内在构造。以往中国刑法理论与实务界从未探讨过不作为之作为义务设置的合理性问题,其合理的标准应遵照基本法理。呼吁立法机关重视罪状并使之日趋完善。

Study on perpetrating act and perfection of charges in an indictment in criminal law of China

Crime behavior of charges in an indictment in the specific provision of criminal law of the People’s Republic of China is perpetrating act,and preparatory act should not be provided in charges in an indictment.Because executant of perpetrating act is criminal,charges in an indictment can’t include other people’ act.Specified charges in an indictment should be used largely in the process of criminal legislation and simple charges in an indictment should be put away.Perpetrating act should be described integrally,especially concerning essential characteristic of it.Intrinsic structure of perpetrating act also should be clear.Rationality of commission obligation in the crime of omission has never been discussed in China,so its standard should conform to the law principle.It was appealed that legislature should regard charges in an indictment and make them perfect day by day.