透视“科技特派员”制度——农村科技推广体系转变与破解“三农”问题的切入点和突破口

把科技特派员制度置于农村科技推广体系的转变过程 ,对科技特派员制度的产生、做法和成效进行了深入的探析 ,分析其未来走向 ,提出创新、完善、提升的主要对策。科技特派员制度从直接层面看 ,是解决农民的科技需求与目前农村科技推广体系不相适应的矛盾 ;进一层看 ,是通过机制创新 ,调动科技人员的积极性 ,满足农民的科技需求 ;更深层看 ,则是当前政府对农村科技推广要不要管和如何管的问题。由于农业的弱质性和“入世”的严峻挑战 ,农业技术推广的特殊性 ,农业技术市场发育程度低 ,以及农业科技推广资源基本集中在政府等一系列原因 ,政府对农村科技推广仍要发挥主导作用。但是 ,推广体系和机制必须根据实际情况进行创新。科技特派员制度 ,正是这种政府主导与市场机制相结合 ,符合现实情况的新机制。科技特派员制度必须朝以市场化、社会化服务与政府的支持、保护相结合的方向进行创新完善 ,实现在更高基础上的超越与转变。

An overall analysis of the system of special commissioners in science and technology --The key to transform rural scientific and technological extension system and to solve the issue about agriculture, countryside and farmers

The system of special commissioners in science and technology is dealt with based on transformation of the rural scientific and technological extension system. The formation, operation and effects of the system of special commissioners in science and technology are discussed profoundly, its trend in future is analyzed and the countermeasures for its innovation, perfection and enhancement are proposed. The direct target of the system of special commissioners in science and technology is to solve the contradiction of unadaptability between the farmers demand for science and technology and the present rural scientific and technological extension system, its further target is to arouse the enthusiasm of the scientific and technological personnel and satisfy farmers demand for science and technology through mechanism innovation, and its deepest target is to solve the questions whether and how the government should be in charge of the rural scientific and technological extension at present. Because of a series of reasons such as weakness of agriculture, challenges brought by China's WTO entry and the particularity of agricultural technological extension, underdeveloped market of agricultural technology and the phenomenon that almost all the agricultural scientific and technological extension resources are possessed by the government: the government has to play the role of guidance in the rural scientific and technological extension. But the system and mechanism of extension must be innovated based on practical conditions. The system of special commissioners in science and technology is this sort of new system combining the government guidance with market mechanism under the practical conditions, and it needs to be further perfected integrating marketized and socialized service with government support and protection, so as to realize a surpassing and transformation at higher level.