农业文化遗产与农业类文化景观遗产比较研究

自联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护项目以来,在有关国际组织和中国等国家政府的支持下,在项目的申报与管理、科学研究与科学普及、遗产保护示范与经验推广等方面取得了显著成绩。但因为各种原因,仍然存在着对GIAHS 概念、内涵与保护重要性认识上的不足,甚至混淆了与联合国教科文组织的文化景观之间的区别。文章在有关文献的基础上,结合被列为GIAHS 的项目和世界遗产中的农业文化景观项目进行了对比分析。可以发现,农业文化遗产与农业文化景观发起背景有一定的相似性,但是发起的目的和意义不同;在概念上,前者不仅关注过去和现在,还关注未来,而后者更多的关注过去和现在;在评选标准上,前者强调系统性,即多重指标须同时具备,后 者强调个性和特色,只要满足某一个条件即可;在保护思路上,前者强调动态保护与适应性管理,后者强调真实性和完整性的静态保护。因此,农业文化遗产有其独特的价值,对于实现联合国粮农组织的战略目标具有重要意义。

Comparison between Agricultural Heritage Systems and Agricultural Landscape

Since the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) initiated the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in 2002, a great of achievements have been obtained liking application and designation, scientific research popularization, demonstration and dissemination. However, there are some misunderstandings about GIAHS and its significances. One example is the distinction between the GIAHS and Culture Landscape on Agriculture in World Heritage. Based on some documents and references, this paper identified the differences between GIAHS and AgriCultural Landscape in World Heritage through contrasting them inbackground, concept, criteria and conservation thoughts. The results show: GIAHS and agricultural landscapeshave some similarityin emergingbackground, but are different in initiative intention and significance; in the concept, the former focuses on the past, the current and the future, but the later just concentrates on the past and current; in respect of the criteria, the former stresses the systematicness, meeting five criteria, but the later emphasizes one or some single characteristics, just satisfying one or more; in conservation thoughts, the former asks for dynamic conservation and adaptive managements, however the latter trend to static conservation. Thus, agricultural heritage systems have their own conservative significances due to their very essentially differences.