宪法解释机关比较研究

各国宪法解释机关大体上分为三种模式 :即普通法院体系中的最高法院、独立的宪法法院和立法机关。其共同特点是宪法解释机关与承担违宪审查职责的宪法监督机关是同一个机关 ,并且基于一定的法理学基础。宪法解释需要一个最终的、权威的机关 ,但也离不开其他的机关为补充 ,这是各国宪法解释的共同特点。我国宪法规定全国人大常委会解释宪法 ,是指由全国人大常委会对宪法解释享有最终的、最后的解释权。在我国宪法解释的实践中 ,最高人民法院 ,全国人大常委会法制工作委员会 ,国务院 ,省一级人民代表大会工作机构对宪法解释的法案例 ,表明我国这些宪法解释机关的从属性、附属性与补充性。而最高人民法院在裁判案件中对宪法进行的解释的案例 ,正是宪法实施保障法理学与宪法解释本身的需要 ,与宪法规定的全国人大常委会解释宪法是一致的 ,并不矛盾与冲突

A Comparative Study of Constitutional Interpretative Organ

Generally, the constitutional interpretative organ can be divided into three models: the Supreme Court in the common-law system, the independent constitutional court and the legislative organ. The common ground of the three organs is that it is the same organ that is entitled to interpret the constitution and is responsible for the review of constitutionality. The interpretation of Constitution needs a final authoritative organ, yet it can not function properly without the supplement of other organs, which has been shared by different countries in terms of constitutional interpretation. According to the Constitution of China, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress interprets the Constitution,that means,it enjoys the final right of interpreting the Constitution. In China's practice of constitutional interpretation, interpretations made by the Supreme People's Court, the Legislative Affairs Committee of NPC, the State Council and the provincial people's congress indicate the subordinate, subsidiary and supplementary functions of these organs. The Supreme People's Court cases of interpreting the Constitution in judgment are to the need of constitutional implementation guarantee and the interpretation of the Constitution itself, and is in accordance to the constitutional article that says the NPC exercises the power to interpret the Constitution.