西方学术分类与民初国学的学科定位

从清季兴办学堂开始,西方学科分类逐渐在中国教育体系中确立."国学"或"国故学"在此分类中究属何类,这是困扰20世纪20年代许多学人的问题.一种较有代表性的看法是将中国的"国故"整理使之能够纳入哲学、文学、史学等新式分类,但随之产生的问题是,这一进程结束后还有"国学"或"国故学"的存在余地吗?如果有,则"国学"或"国故学"便实际超越了西学分科;而后者又被时人看作成为"科学"的必要条件,这又违背所谓"新国学"即"科学的国学"之定义.围绕这些问题的争议反映出当时学人其实更多是从思想而非学术的角度看待"国学".

Western Academic Classification and the Subject Orientation of Chinese Learning

Beginning from the school-opening in late Qing Dynasty, western academic classification gradually takes its position in Chinese educational system. What category does Chinese Leaning belong to? This is a great puzzle for many scholars in the 1920s. A typical view is to transform Chinese Learning and put it in philosophy, literature, history or other new classifications. The next problem is, after such a process, is there still room of existence for Chinese Learning? If there is, Chinese Learning actually surpasses western academic classification. Yet the latter is considered the prerequisite of science at that time, which violates the definition of "new Chinese Learning" as "scientific Chinese Learning". All these disputes show that scholars in those days treat Chinese learning from an ideological angle rather than from an academic one.