宋朝骑兵在南方的布防与运用

宋朝建立,战略对手在于北方,而对"种类殊异"的南方民族地区的防范则比较忽略。再加上基于"南方非用马之地"的认识,除少数有马厢军外,北宋前期禁军未在南方驻防骑军。宋仁宗时期广南两路发生侬智高事变,岭南骚动。宋朝臣间在是否"用骑"的问题上发生争论,狄青率西北骑兵南下,"终以马胜"。此后宋朝开始在南方驻防新建的"有马雄略"军,有马厢军也有增多,骑兵在南方的运用也开始多了起来。受到感染,一些少数民族也要求学习马战。在某种程度上,侬智高事变的平定成为宋朝在南方"用骑"上的一个"转机"。

The Deployment and Use of Cavalry in the Song Dynasty in South China

When Song Dynasty was founded,it was confronted with a great menace from its northern rivals,thus neglecting to guard against harassing attacks from minority regions in the south.In addition,influenced by the view that "the rough terrain of South China was not suited to horse fighting",no cavalry was stationed in the south by Imperial Guards,except for small numbers of local armed forces with horses.During the reign of Emperor Renzong(1022-1063),Nong Zhigao’s uprising broke out in Guangnan,one of the administrative divisions in South China,causing a violent riot in the Lingnan area.Although there was a heated dispute among Song ministers about whether to use cavalry in the south to suppress the riot,General Di Qing finally took the advantage of horse fighting and won the battles over the enemy.Since then,Song Dynasty began to deploy and station cavalry by both of Imperial Guards and local armed forces in southern regions.And gradually the use of cavalry in the south increased.In response to this change,some minorities sensed the need to learn horse fighting.In this sense,Nong Zhigao Riot can,to some extent,be described as the turning point for Song Dynasty to "use cavalry" in South China.