宪法学思考中的事实与价值——有关宪法学的一个哲学话题

宪法规范同任何法规范一样,不免纠缠于实存(事实)与当为(价值)的关系之中,此一关系也构成了宪法学的一个尤为重要的哲学基础问题。在注定存在价值导向的思考中,宪法学必须面对价值从何而来、价值判断何以正当的追问。一般而言,实证宪法规范的正当性可以追溯至某种根本规范,这种根本规范的变动自然会导致宪法规范的变动。问题在于这种根本规范本身的正当性又源于何处,对此,程序性商谈理论提出了一种新的思路:通过商谈程序在价值与事实之间构建一种内在自足的回路,可解决对规范正当性追问的无限递归难题。然而如果就中国当下的宪法与宪法学而言,此论所预设的前提可能仍不具备。而在学科的方法论意义上坚持价值与事实的二分,仍将构成当下宪法学的一个重要的哲学基础问题。

The Relation Between Fact and Value: On the Philosophical Foundations of Constitutional Theory

The relation of fact and value is an issue of philosophical foundations in constitutional theory.Given its value-related nature,the constitutional theory has to answer the questions where the value comes from and why the value judgment is legitimate.Generally speaking,the legitimacy of the positive constitutional norms can trace back to some basic norms,and the evolution of the basic norms will naturally cause the change of the constitutional norms.Then the question appears why the basic norm is legitimate.The negotiation theory has bridged the gap between "is" and "ought to" by the procedure of discourse.However,as it regards to the constitutional law and the constitutional theory in present China,the methodological dualism still remains to be an important philosophical issue.