社会转型期的农村养老:家庭方式需要支持

从宏观视角及制度扩张和静态均衡角度对农村养老的关注多具有政治考量和货币补偿的特点,据此推行的社会养老政策迄今为止绩效不佳。对家庭规模小型化、人口流动及家庭权威分散所做的分析表明,家庭结构变化对农村养老的影响是双重的,在弱化的同时也存在某些促进方面。农村养老现行而有效的方式依然以家庭为主。家庭不仅在生活照料和精神慰藉方面有不可替代的优势,而且在经济支持上也占据着最大份额。社会转型对农村养老的冲击不在于动摇了家庭养老的主体角色与核心功能,而在于削弱了家庭养老的传统方式,拓展或改变了家庭养老的存在形式。在较长的历史时期,农村养老制度建设应围绕稳定、扩展或补充而不是抑制家庭的模式来展开。家庭养老需要政策支持。

Rural Elder Security in Social Transition:Family Mode Need to Be Supported

Concerning the rural elder security from the point of view of macroscopic view,institutional expansion and static equilibrium,it shows more characters of political considerations and monetary compensation.So far,the performance of the social endowment policy is poor.The analysis on miniaturization of family size,population floating and decentralize of family authority shows that the influence on the rural elder security from the change of family structure is amphibious.That is to say,there are some promotion and weakening at the same time.In recent years,family support is still the effective mainstay in elder security because it has not only irreplaceable advantages in aspects of life care and spiritual comfort but also the lion′s share of economic support.The impact of social transition is to weaken the traditional mode of family support but to shake its main body role and core functions.In a long historical period,the construction of rural endowment system should be centered on to stabilize,expand and supplement the family.The family support to elder security need to be supported by pubic policy.