中国高等教育空间集聚的影响因素研究--基于省际面板数据的分析

随着教育水平的提升和高等教育的普及,高等教育在空间范围内扩展延伸的同时,也呈现出集聚的态势。基于区位熵理论,通过对我国2012年排名前200所大学的分布统计,计算出高等教育空间集聚系数,并用我国东中西部地区各省份2002—2011年在校生人数与地区总人口的比值测算出人力资本集聚程度,分析得出我国高等教育存在着显著的空间集聚和空间相关性,并通过计量统计得出经济及教育发展水平是影响高等教育空间集聚的重要因素。建议在发展我国高等教育,实现集聚与规模效应的同时,注重高校自身的建设以及高校间的合作,并从区域实际出发,充分发挥政府的协调作用,以提升高等教育集聚区内高校的竞争力。

Research on the Factors Influencing the Spatial Agglomeration of Higher Education：Based on the Analysis of Provincial Panel Data

With the development of education level and popularity of Higher Education in our country, it is showing a trend of agglomeration while it is expanding in space. Based on the theory of Location quotient, by statistics on the distribution of the top 200 universities in China in 2012, the paper calculated the coefficient of spatial concentration of higher education, and calculated the degree of human capital clustering by the ratio of University students number and the total population in provinces in China for the decade of 2002-2011 . The analysis reveals that there exist the significant spatial clustering and spatial correlation of the distribution of higher education. The paper points out that the development of economy and educational levels are the main factors that affect the spatial concentration of Higher Education, followed by the per capita level of economic development and university teacher-student ratio. As a result, it is recommended that during the development of our higher education and realization of the concentration effect and scale effect, we should pay attention to the development and self-building of Universities as well as the cooperation between the universities and give full play to the government coordinating role in order to enhance the competitiveness of the colleges and universities in the District of Higher Education agglomeration.