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中国城乡二元结构:从“剥削型”到“保护型”
引用本文:林辉煌,贺雪峰.中国城乡二元结构:从“剥削型”到“保护型”[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(6):1-10.
作者姓名:林辉煌  贺雪峰
作者单位:1. 华南理工大学 公共政策研究院,广州,510640;2. 华中科技大学 中国乡村治理研究中心,武汉,430074
基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目资助(14JZD023)
摘    要:在中国,城乡二元结构不仅是一种自然的产业结构差异,更是一种国家主导的制度设置。在新中国成立后的前30年,城乡二元结构因为存在明显的“城市偏向”和对农村的政策歧视而具有某种意义上的“剥削性”。1990年代末期以来,随着市场经济的发展、人口流动的加剧以及国家惠农政策的推行,中国城乡二元结构的“剥削性”不断弱化,而“保护性”的功能则不断增强。维持“保护型”的城乡二元结构,使广大农民在市场经济中“进可攻退可守”,不仅对农民的利益保障意义重大,而且有利于维护社会结构的弹性,对农村的社会稳定和国家的经济发展具有战略性的价值。从这个意义讲,国家推行新型城镇化建设,其目标不应是以激进的方式打破城乡二元结构甚至消灭农村,而应是进一步削弱城乡二元结构的“剥削性”,强化其对农民的保护功能。

关 键 词:城乡二元结构  剥削型  保护型  社会结构的弹性  新型城镇化

Urban-Rural Dual Structure in China:From “Exploitation Type” to “Protection Type”
LIN Hui-huang,HE Xue-feng.Urban-Rural Dual Structure in China:From “Exploitation Type” to “Protection Type”[J].Journal of Beijing Polytechnic University(Social Sciences Edition),2016(6):1-10.
Authors:LIN Hui-huang  HE Xue-feng
Abstract:In China, the urban-rural dual structure is not only a natural difference in industrial structure, but also a state-dominated system setting. In the first three decades after the founding of new China, because of the obvious“urban preference” and the policy of discrimination against rural areas, the urban-rural dual structure had a sense of“exploitation”. Since the late 1990s, with the development of market economy, as well as the population movements and the implementation of national agricultural policy, the“exploitation” of urban-rural dual structure in China is weakening, and its “protective” function is growing. Maintaining the “protection type” of the urban-rural dual structure enables the majority of farmers to freely “advance or be back” in the market economy, is not only a great significance for the interests of farmers, but also conducive to maintaining the resilient social structure, which has a strategic value for the social stability in rural areas and the economic development of the country. In this sense, the goal of new urbanization should not be based on a radical way to break or eradicate the urban-rural dual structure, but further weaken the “exploitation” of the urban-rural dual structure and strengthen its protective function to the farmers.
Keywords:urban-rural dual structure  exploitation type  protection type  resiliency of social structure  new urbanization
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