美国大学学分制模式的主要特征及启示

美国是最早实行大学学分制的国家,也是世界各国大学学分制改革最具代表性的国家之一.美国大学学分制模式的主要特征为:选课形式的多样性,学制的弹性化,学业评价的绩点制,学习过程的指导性,学分转换的认可性,文、理、工渗透的通才教育.其可资中国借鉴之处在于:确立学习者本位的教育理念;增加选修课程资源;建立科学的学习成绩评价体系;不断改善导师制;逐步完善与学分制改革配套的教学内部管理体制;改革学分认定制度.

Characteristics of American Universities' Credit System: What Lessons Can We Absorb?

The credit system of American universities/colleges is relatively perfect and typical in the world.Its characteristics are mainly the diversity of elective courses,flexibility of curriculum,GPA evaluation,instructive guidance given to students,acceptability of credit conversion and especially the professional training based on liberal arts/science.What lessons the Chinese universities/colleges can absorb from those include how to help students make sure of the essence and purpose of higher education,providing more elective causes to students as possible,setting up a scientific evaluation system for the academic performance of every student,stepping up the effort to improve the tutoring system for graduate students,perfecting gradually the teaching administration to support the reform of credit system and reforming the credit authentication system.