农业保险市场失灵的经济学分析

由于农业生产经营者同时面临着自然和市场双重风险,他们迫切需要建立一系列的风险保障机制。然而,我国农业保险供给和需求均不足,市场处于失灵状态。其根本原因在于农业保险的双重外部性和准公共产品特性,商业性经营难以成功运作。作为准公共产品的农业保险,只能采取国家财政支持下的经营方式,组建和发展区域性乃至全国性的农业保险互助合作社。同时,政府应发挥主导作用,制定农业保险法规和优惠的扶持政策,为农业保险提供技术基础并加强对农业保险市场的监管。

Economic Analysis of Failure in Agricultural Insurance Market

Nowadays Chinese farmers have to take risks from both nature and market simultaneously,and it is in urgent need to build the risk security mechanism.However,both supply and demand are deficient on agricultural insurance market,which lead the market to fail.The root causes are the double standard taken to external factors and quasi-public characteristic of farm produce in China's present agricultural insurance.This is just the reason why the agricultural insurance is hard to succeed in a pure commercial way.In China,the agricultural insurance for quasi-public goods has to operate in the light of state revenue,(i.e.,) the governments shall play a leading role in organizing the regional even national mutual-aid cooperatives and formulating relevant codes/policies to provide technical basis for agricultural insurance market with supervision strengthened.