美国教师教育专业化的策略及启示

教师专业化是一个体现教师职业专业性特征的持续的动态过程。美国通过立法凸显教师教育的作用和地位;加强教师教育专业化理论研究;借助认证机构规范教师教育办学;建设教师专业发展学校,推动大学与中小学合作;优化教师职前培养工作;实施教师初任计划等策略,推动了教师教育专业化进程。美国的经验告诉我们:国家应侧重宏观管理,扩大地方办学自主权;改变单一教师教育体制,拓宽教师来源渠道;完善政策措施,鼓励教师定期进修培训;引入市场竞争机制,培育教师教育中介机构。

Strategies and Revelations about the Specialization of Teachers' Education in USA

The specialization of teachers' education is a persistent and dynamic course that embodies the characteristics of teacher's profession. American strategies for teacher's specialization include following aspects: put out various educational law and policies; reinforce the theory research on specialization of teacher's education; apply authentication organizations to control the behavior of educational units; set up Professional Development Schools;optimize the training plan before the teachers enter their teaching positions;put into practice the plan helping those newcomers. These measures increasingly promote the movement of teachers specialization. American experience is of benefit to China's teacher education. National policy makers should extend the right of local government to manage education. More methods come into being to receive and cultivate teachers. Teachers should be encouraged to attend trains regularly. Additionally private training agencies for teachers should be established to join the evaluations toward teacher education.