家庭资本对大学生专业选择影响的调查研究——基于教育公平视角

运用问卷调查法对西南地区6所不同类型高等学校2013年招收的1000名大一学生进行抽样调查，调查发现：大学生专业选择受家庭资本的影响，并且家庭资本一定程度上影响了大学生专业选择的公平性，高资本家庭的学生由于家庭在经济、文化和社会上的优势，更多地就读于经济管理学科、工科等就业率和收入都较高的专业；低家庭资本的学生更多地就读于医科、文科、理科等目前就业较困难或收入较低的专业。因此，消除家庭资本对大学生专业选择影响上的不公平性，要完善高等教育资助体系，减少低经济资本家庭学生负担；加强信息援助，保障低文化资本家庭学生专业知情权；营造公平环境，消除高家庭社会资本在专业选择上的干扰因素。

Research on the Impact of Family Capital on Major Choice for College Students Based on the Perspective of Educational Equity

The questionnaire is used to conduct a sample survey of 1 000 freshmen enrolled in 6 different types of colleges and univer?sities in the Southwest in 2013. The survey shows that the major students choose are affected by family capital which also influences the equity of major choice for students to some extent. Students from high?capital families more tend to choose disciplines with higher em?ployment rate and income, such as economic management, engineering, etc. because of their advantages of finance, culture and social status, while students from low?capital families more tend to choose disciplines with lower employment rate and income, such as medi?cine, liberal arts and science. Therefore, in order to erase the inequity of college students’ major choice caused by family capital, measures should be taken to improve the funding system of higher education to reduce the burden on students from low?capital families, to strengthen information assistance to ensure the rights to know about majors for students from low?capital families and to create fair so?cial environment to eliminate the confounding factors caused by high family social capital in major choices.