个体优势研究述评与未来展望

发挥人的优势而不只是弥补人的缺点成为当代组织与管理研究的焦点之一，具体体现在积极心理学、积极组织行为学及积极组织学术的形成与发展之中。个体优势是指那些能让人感到充实与力量的品格特征或才干，也是能带来高绩效的个人惯有思维、感觉与行为模式。个体优势主要包括品格优势与才干优势两类，对应的测量工具为优势识别器与优势价值行动问卷。微观层面的研究表明，个体优势能对员工主观幸福感、职业呼唤、个人绩效及组织绩效产生积极影响；而在宏观层面上，个体优势与相关理论、实践的融合可以或已经产生了新的学科、领域及研究主题——优势心理学、积极组织行为学、积极管理范式、基于个体优势的工作重塑等。未来应关注优势理论与其他学科的进一步整合、优势干预、影响机制及中国情境下的实践研究。

Review and Outlook of Individual Strengths

It has become one of the focal points of contemporary organization and management research to exert individual strengths rather than just make up for the shortcomings of human beings.It embodies in the formation and development of positive psychology,positive organizational behavior and positive organizational scholarship.Individual strengths are character traits or talents that make one feel fulfilled and empowered,as well as patterns of personal habitual thinking,feeling,and behavior that lead to high performance.The individual strengths mainly include the two types of character strengths and talents,the corresponding measurement instrument is Values in Action (VIA) and Clifton strengthsfinder2.0.The micro level research shows that the individual strengths can produce the active subjective well being,the professional calling,the individual performance and the organizational performance; at the macro level,the integration of individual strengths with related theories and practices may or may have resulted in new disciplines,fields and research themes dominant psychology,positive organizational behavior,positive management paradigms,strengths based job crafting,etc.,and future study should pay attention to the further integration of the theory of positive and other disciplines,the strengths intervention,the impact mechanism and practice under the Chinese context.